達爾文核心標準快速參考指南

本文件旨在作為易於閱讀的參考指南，收錄截至2023年9月18日現行推薦術語，這些術語作為達爾文核心標準的一部分，且由達爾文核心標準維護小組維護。

需要協助嗎？ 欲進一步瞭解如何使用達爾文核心標準，請參閱達爾文核心標準問答網站。仍有疑問？請將新問題（疑問/狀況）提交至 GitHub 上的 dwc-qa 問題頁面，或使用表單。請參閱本文件末尾的如何引用達爾文核心標準。

想貢獻心力嗎？ 欲瞭解如何為達爾文核心標準貢獻心力（包括如何提出變更建議），請參閱貢獻指南。

本頁並非標準的一部分，而是將規範性術語名稱與定義，與旨在協助使用者一致運用術語的非規範性註解及範例合併呈現。定義、註解與範例中可能包含命名空間縮寫（例如「dwc:」）。這些內容的加入，旨在表明該詞所附屬的詞義，非常明確地指涉該命名空間中定義的術語。因此，dwc:Event 指的是由達爾文核心標準在 https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#event 定義的 Event。以命名空間縮寫後接大寫開頭（例如 dwc:Occurrence）的術語，屬於達爾文核心標準類型術語。此類特殊術語用於將屬性術語（即以小寫名稱開頭且接續命名空間縮寫的術語，例如 dwc:eventID）進行分組，以便利使用。當前及已廢棄術語的完整詮釋資料，以人類可讀形式呈現於文件達爾文核心標準術語清單中。

附加的 [僅含當前術語名稱的檔案] (https://github.com/tdwg/dwc/tree/master/dist) 以及一份完整術語歷史檔案可於達爾文核心標準儲存庫中找到。

記錄層級

此類別包含通用術語，這些術語可能適用於資料集中的任何類型記錄。

type
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type
定義	The nature or genre of the resource.
註釋	Must be populated with a value from the DCMI type vocabulary (https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-type-vocabulary/2010-10-11/).
範例	`StillImage` `MovingImage` `Sound` `PhysicalObject` `Event` `Text`

modified
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
定義	Date on which the resource was changed.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

language
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
定義	A language of the resource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 5646. This term has an equivalent in the dcterms: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`en` (for English) `es` (for Spanish)

license
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
定義	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
註釋
範例	`http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode` `http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode`

rightsHolder
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder
定義	A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
註釋
範例	`The Regents of the University of California`

accessRights
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/accessRights
定義	Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
註釋	Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
範例	`not-for-profit use only` (string literal example) `https://www.fieldmuseum.org/field-museum-natural-history-conditions-and-suggested-norms-use-collections-data-and-images` (URI example)

bibliographicCitation
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
定義	A bibliographic reference for the resource.
註釋	From Dublin Core, "Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself - "how to cite this record". Note that the intended usage of dcterms:references in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource - "where to find the as-close-to-original reference", if one is available.
範例	`Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley. MVZ Mammal Collection (Arctos). Record ID: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861?seid=101356. Source: http://ipt.vertnet.org:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mvz_mammal.` (Occurrence example) `https://www.gbif.org/species/2439608 Source: GBIF Taxonomic Backbone` (Taxon example) `Rand, K.M., Logerwell, E.A. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol 34, 475–488 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0900-2` (Event example)

references
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/references
定義	A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
註釋	From Dublin Core, "This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource (e.g.,dwc:Taxon, dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Event), if one is available. Note that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself.
範例	`http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861` (MaterialEntity example) `https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/32664` (Taxon example)

feedbackURL
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/feedbackURL
定義	A uniform resource locator (URL) that points to a webpage on which a form may be submitted to gather feedback about the record.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to optionally include query strings that act to pre-populate web page form elements and communicate the context.
範例	`https://example.com/new?title=New+issue&body=This+comment+is+about+CAN12345`

institutionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionID
定義	An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
註釋	For physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use a globally unique and resolvable identifier from a collections registry such as the Research Organization Registry (ROR) or the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/)
範例	`https://ror.org/015hz7p22` `http://grscicoll.org/institution/museum-southwestern-biology` `https://www.gbif.org/grscicoll/institution/e3d4dcc4-81e2-444c-8a5c-41d1044b5381`

collectionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionID
定義	An identifier for the collection or dataset from which the record was derived.
註釋	若為實體標本，建議使用通用名冊中的識別碼，例如：Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/)。
範例	`https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/collection/fbd3ed74-5a21-4e01-b86a-33d36f032d9c`

datasetID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetID
定義	An identifier for the set of data. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a collection or institution.
註釋
範例	`b15d4952-7d20-46f1-8a3e-556a512b04c5`

institutionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode
定義	發布機構所使用的名稱（博物館）代碼或縮寫。
註釋
範例	`MVZ` `FMNH` `CLO` `UCMP`

collectionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode
定義	該筆紀錄來源的代稱、代碼或縮寫，如典藏機構的標本分類代碼。
註釋
範例	`Mammals` `Hildebrandt` `EBIRD` `VP`

datasetName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetName
定義	The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.
註釋
範例	`Grinnell Resurvey Mammals` `Lacey Ctenomys Recaptures`

ownerInstitutionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ownerInstitutionCode
定義	The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having ownership of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
註釋
範例	`NPS` `APN` `InBio`

basisOfRecord
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord
定義	資料紀錄的特定性質、類型。
註釋	建議使用 Darwin Core 的控制詞彙。
範例	`MaterialEntity` `PreservedSpecimen` `FossilSpecimen` `LivingSpecimen` `MaterialSample` `Event` `HumanObservation` `MachineObservation` `Taxon` `Occurrence` `MaterialCitation`

informationWithheld
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/informationWithheld
定義	Additional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`location information not given for endangered species` `collector identities withheld \| ask about tissue samples`

dataGeneralizations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dataGeneralizations
定義	Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Coordinates generalized from original GPS coordinates to the nearest half degree grid cell`.

dynamicProperties
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dynamicProperties
定義	A list of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record. Meant to provide a mechanism for structured content.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a key:value encoding schema for a data interchange format such as JSON.
範例	`{"heightInMeters":1.5}` `{"targusLengthInMeters":0.014, "weightInGrams":120}` `{"natureOfID":"expert identification", "identificationEvidence":"cytochrome B sequence"}` `{"relativeHumidity":28, "airTemperatureInCelsius":22, "sampleSizeInKilograms":10}` `{"aspectHeading":277, "slopeInDegrees":6}` `{"iucnStatus":"vulnerable", "taxonDistribution":"Neuquén, Argentina"}`

Occurrence

Occurrence 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence
定義	An existence of a dwc:Organism at a particular place at a particular time.
註釋
範例	`a wolf pack on the shore of Kluane Lake in 1988` `a virus in a plant leaf in the New York Botanical Garden at 15:29 on 2014-10-23` `a fungus in Central Park in the summer of 1929`

occurrenceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the dwc:Occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the dwc:occurrenceID globally unique.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
範例	`http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:233627` `000866d2-c177-4648-a200-ead4007051b9` `urn:catalog:UWBM:Bird:89776`

catalogNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber
定義	於資料集或館藏品中紀錄的識別碼（具唯一性者佳）。
註釋
範例	`145732` `145732a` `2008.1334` `R-4313`

recordNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordNumber
定義	An identifier given to the dwc:Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`OPP 7101`

recordedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original dwc:Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (dwc:recordNumber), should be listed first.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`José E. Crespo` `Oliver P. Pearson \| Anita K. Pearson` (where the value in recordNumber `OPP 7101` corresponds to the collector number for the specimen in the field catalog of Oliver P. Pearson)

recordedByID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedByID
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, it is recommended to separate the values in the list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). The order of the identifiers on any list for this term can not be guaranteed to convey any semantics.
範例	`https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097` (for an individual) `https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 \| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098` (for a list of people)

individualCount
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount
定義	The number of individuals present at the time of the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋
範例	`0` `1` `25`

organismQuantity
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantity
定義	A number or enumeration value for the quantity of dwc:Organisms.
註釋	A dwc:organismQuantity must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantityType.
範例	`27` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType) `12.5` (organismQuantity) with `% biomass` (organismQuantityType) `r` (organismQuantity) with `Braun-Blanquet Scale` (organismQuantityType) `many` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType)

organismQuantityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantityType
定義	The type of quantification system used for the quantity of dwc:Organisms.
註釋	A dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`27` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType) `12.5` (organismQuantity) with `% biomass` (organismQuantityType) `r` (organismQuantity) with `Braun-Blanquet Scale` (organismQuantityType) `many` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType)

sex
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
定義	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`female` `male` `hermaphrodite`

lifeStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage
定義	該筆紀錄中生物的生活史階段。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`zygote` `larva` `juvenile` `adult` `seedling` `flowering` `fruiting`

reproductiveCondition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/reproductiveCondition
定義	The reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`non-reproductive` `pregnant` `in bloom` `fruit-bearing`

caste
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/caste
定義	若該筆紀錄的生物為群居動物，可以此欄位記錄其於群體中的分工角色（包含一些哺乳類動物和節肢動物）。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary that aligns best with the dwc:Taxon. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`queen` `male alate` `intercaste` `minor worker` `soldier` `ergatoid`

behavior
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/behavior
定義	該筆紀錄的生物被觀察時，正進行的行為。
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`roosting` `foraging` `running`

vitality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vitality
定義	為顯示生物體是否活著的指標欄位。
註釋	建議使用控制詞彙。
範例	`alive` `dead` `mixedLot` `uncertain` `notAssessed`

establishmentMeans
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/establishmentMeans
定義	關於一種或多種生物是否藉由現代人類的直接或間接活動引入特定地點和時間的聲明或評估。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`native` `nativeReintroduced` `introduced` `introducedAssistedColonisation` `vagrant` `uncertain`

degreeOfEstablishment
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/degreeOfEstablishment
定義	The degree to which a dwc:Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`native` `captive` `cultivated` `released` `failing` `casual` `reproducing` `established` `colonising` `invasive` `widespreadInvasive`

pathway
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pathway
定義	The process by which a dwc:Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`releasedForUse` `otherEscape` `transportContaminant` `transportStowaway` `corridor` `unaided`

georeferenceVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the dcterms:Location of the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`unable to georeference` `requires georeference` `requires verification` `verified by data custodian` `verified by contributor`

occurrenceStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceStatus
定義	A statement about the presence or absence of a dwc:Taxon at a dcterms:Location.
註釋	For dwc:Occurrences, the default vocabulary is recommended to consist of `present` and `absent`, but can be extended by implementers with good justification. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`present` `absent`

associatedMedia
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedMedia
定義	與該筆紀錄相關的多媒體連結，若有多個連結以 "\|" 分隔。
註釋
範例	`https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 \| https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520964`

associatedOccurrences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOccurrences
定義	與該筆紀錄相關的其他出現紀錄，若有多個連結以 "\|" 分隔。
註釋	此術語可用於提供與其他出現紀錄關聯的清單。請注意，資源關係類別是表示關聯的替代方式，且能提供更詳細的資訊。建議最佳實務做法是使用空格、垂直線、空格（ \| ）分隔。
範例	`"parasite collected from":"https://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:215895?seid=950760"` `"encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3175067" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177393" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177394" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177392" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3609139"`

associatedReferences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedReferences
定義	與此出現紀錄相關的文獻(如出版刊物、學術引用、全球唯一識別碼或URI等)列表(使用標點符號分隔)。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). Note that the dwc:ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Note also that the intended usage of the term dcterms:references in Darwin Core when applied to a dwc:Occurrence is to point to the definitive source representation of that dwc:Occurrence if one is available. Note also that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core when applied to a dwc:Occurrence is to provide the preferred way to cite the dwc:Occurrence itself.
範例	`http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5899/261` `Christopher J. Conroy, Jennifer L. Neuwald. 2008. Phylogeographic study of the California vole, Microtus californicus Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3):755-767.` `Steven R. Hoofer and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships of Plecotine Bats and Allies Based on Mitochondrial Ribosomal Sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 82(1):131-137. \| Walker, Faith M., Jeffrey T. Foster, Kevin P. Drees, Carol L. Chambers. 2014. Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) microsatellite discovery using illumina sequencing. Conservation Genetics Resources.`

associatedTaxa
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedTaxa
定義	與此生物相關的其他生物紀錄列表（使用標點符號分隔及串聯）。
註釋	This term can be used to provide a list of associations to dwc:Taxon records other than the one defined in the dwc:Occurrence. Note that the dwc:ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. This term is not apt for establishing relationships between dwc:Taxon records, only between specific dwc:Occurrences of a dwc:Organism with other dwc:Taxon records. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`"host":"Quercus alba"` `"host":"gbif.org/species/2879737"` `"parasitoid of":"Cyclocephala signaticollis" \| "predator of":"Apis mellifera"`

otherCatalogNumbers
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/otherCatalogNumbers
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of previous or alternate fully qualified catalog numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same dwc:Occurrence, whether in the current or any other data set or collection.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`FMNH:Mammal:1234` `NPS YELLO6778 \| MBG 33424`

occurrenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceRemarks
定義	該筆出現紀錄註記、備註。
註釋
範例	`found dead on road`

Organism

organismID organismName organismScope causeOfDeath associatedOrganisms previousIdentifications organismRemarks

Organism 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism
定義	A particular organism or defined group of organisms considered to be taxonomically homogeneous.
註釋	Instances of the dwc:Organism class are intended to facilitate linking one or more dwc:Identification instances to one or more dwc:Occurrence instances. Therefore, things that are typically assigned scientific names (such as viruses, hybrids, and lichens) and aggregates whose dwc:Occurrences are typically recorded (such as packs, clones, and colonies) are included in the scope of this class.
範例	`a specific bird` `a specific wolf pack` `a specific instance of a bacterial culture`

organismID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismID
定義	若該筆紀錄可追溯至生物個體，則可給予生物體ID。可設定有意義的組合格式，或使用全球唯一辨識碼(GUID)或通用唯一辨識碼(UUID)。
註釋
範例	`http://arctos.database.museum/guid/WNMU:Mamm:1249`

organismName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismName
定義	給該生物體取的名字或標籤。
註釋
範例	`Huberta` `Boab Prison Tree` `J pod`

organismScope
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismScope
定義	A description of the kind of dwc:Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the dwc:Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of dwc:Taxon. To describe the kind of dwc:Organism using a URI object in RDF, use rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type) instead.
範例	`multicellular organism` `virus` `clone` `pack` `colony`

causeOfDeath
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/causeOfDeath
定義	An indication of the known or suspected cause of death of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	The cause may be due to natural causes (e.g., disease, predation), human-related activities (e.g., roadkill, pollution), or other environmental factors (e.g., extreme weather events).
範例	`trap` `poison` `starvation` `drowning` `shooting` `old age` `vehicle collision` `disease` `herbicide` `burning` `infanticide`

associatedOrganisms
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOrganisms
定義	與此生物相關的其他生物紀錄列表（使用標點符號分隔及串聯）。
註釋	此術語可用於提供與其他出現紀錄關聯的清單。請注意，資源關係類別是表示關聯的替代方式，且能提供更詳細的資訊。建議最佳實務做法是使用空格、垂直線、空格（ \| ）分隔。
範例	`"sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/DMNS:Mamm:14171"` `"parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196208" \| "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196523" \| "sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:142638"`

previousIdentifications
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/previousIdentifications
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of previous assignments of names to the dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`Chalepidae` `Pinus abies` `Anthus sp., field ID by G. Iglesias \| Anthus correndera, expert ID by C. Cicero 2009-02-12 based on morphology`

organismRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dwc:Organism instance.
註釋
範例	`One of a litter of six`

MaterialEntity

materialEntityID digitalSpecimenID materialEntityType discipline preparations disposition verbatimLabel associatedSequences materialEntityRemarks

MaterialEntity 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialEntity
定義	An entity that can be identified, exists for some period of time, and consists in whole or in part of physical matter while it exists.
註釋	The term is defined at the most general level to admit descriptions of any subtype of material entity within the scope of Darwin Core. In particular, any kind of material sample, preserved specimen, fossil, or exemplar from living collections is intended to be subsumed under this term.
範例	`an instance of a fossil` `an instance of a herbarium sheet with its attached plant specimen` `a particular part of the plant-derived material affixed to a herbarium sheet` `an instance of a frozen tissue sample` `a specific water sample` `an instance of a meteorite fragment` `a particular wolf in a zoo` `a particular pack of wolves in the wild` `an isolated molecule of DNA` `a specific deep-frozen DNA sample` `a particular field notebook` `a particular paper page from a field notebook` `an instance of a printed photograph`

materialEntityID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityID
定義	An identifier for a particular instance of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Values of dwc:materialEntityID are intended to uniquely and persistently identify a particular dwc:MaterialEntity within some context. Examples of context include a particular sample collection, an organization, or the worldwide scale. Recommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier. The identifier is bound to a physical object (the dwc:MaterialEntity) as opposed to a particular digital record (representation) of that physical object.
範例	`06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083`

digitalSpecimenID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/digitalSpecimenID
定義	An identifier for a particular instance of a Digital Specimen.
註釋	A Digital Specimen is defined in https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.7.e67379. A dwc:digitalSpecimenID is intended to uniquely and persistently identify a Digital Specimen. Recommended best practice is to use a DOI with machine readable metadata in the DOI record that uses a community agreed metadata profile (also known as FDO profile) for a Digital Specimen. For an example see: https://doi.org/10.3535/N75-CR4-0SM?noredirect. The identifier is for a digital information artifact (the Digital Specimen) as opposed to an identifier for a specific instance of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
範例	`https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD` `https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD?urlappend=/1` `https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD?locatt=/1` `doi:10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD`

materialEntityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	A more generic classification of a dwc:MaterialEntity than dwc:preparations. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Macro-object` `Micro-object` `Oversized object` `Cut/polished gemstone` `Compound Specimen` `Core` `Mixed Materials` `Environmental sample` `Microscope slide` `Spore print` `Macrofossil` `Mesofossil` `Microfossil` `Pinned object/specimen` `Taxidermy mount` `Blood sampling cards` `Oversized fossil` `Anthropogenic Artifact`

discipline
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/discipline
定義	The primary branch or branches of knowledge represented by the record.
註釋	This term can be used to classify records according to branches of knowledge. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value. It is also recommended to use this field to describe specimenType in MIDS.
範例	`Botany` `Botany \| Virology \| Taxonomy`

preparations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`fossil` `cast` `photograph` `DNA extract` `skin \| skull \| skeleton` `whole animal (EtOH) \| tissue (EDTA)`

disposition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/disposition
定義	The current state of a dwc:MaterialEntity with respect to a collection.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`in collection` `missing` `on loan` `used up` `destroyed` `deaccessioned`

verbatimLabel
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLabel
定義	The content of this term should include no embellishments, prefixes, headers or other additions made to the text. Abbreviations must not be expanded and supposed misspellings must not be corrected. Lines or breakpoints between blocks of text that could be verified by seeing the original labels or images of them may be used. Examples of material entities include preserved specimens, fossil specimens, and material samples. Best practice is to use UTF-8 for all characters. Best practice is to add comment “verbatimLabel derived from human transcription” in dwc:occurrenceRemarks.
註釋	Examples can be found at https://dwc.tdwg.org/examples/verbatimLabel.
範例

associatedSequences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences
定義	與此出現紀錄相關的遺傳序列(如出版刊物、全球唯一識別碼或URI等)列表(使用標點符號分隔)。
註釋
範例	`http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U34853.1` `http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU328060 \| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF326093`

materialEntityRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dwc:MaterialEntity instance.
註釋
範例	`found in association with charred remains` `some original fragments missing`

MaterialSample

materialSampleID

MaterialSample 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample
定義	A material entity that represents an entity of interest in whole or in part.
註釋
範例	`a whole organism preserved in a collection` `a part of an organism isolated for some purpose` `a soil sample` `a marine microbial sample`

materialSampleID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialSampleID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:MaterialSample (as opposed to a particular digital record of the dwc:MaterialSample). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the dwc:materialSampleID globally unique.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
範例	`06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083`

Event

Event 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event
定義	An action that occurs at some location during some time.
註釋
範例	`a specimen collecting event` `a camera trap image capture` `a marine trawl`

eventID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID
定義	調查活動識別碼，可設定有意義的組合格式，或使用全球唯一辨識碼(GUID)或通用唯一辨識碼(UUID)，序號不可有重複。
註釋
範例	`INBO:VIS:Ev:00009375`

parentEventID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID
定義	An identifier for the broader dwc:Event that groups this and potentially other dwc:Events.
註釋	Use a globally unique identifier for a dwc:Event or an identifier for a dwc:Event that is specific to the data set.
範例	`A1` (parentEventID to identify the main Whittaker Plot in nested samples, each with its own eventID - `A1:1`, `A1:2`).

eventType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventType
定義	調查活動的性質。
註釋	建議使用控制詞彙。
範例	`Sample` `Observation` `Site Visit` `Biotic Interaction` `Bioblitz` `Expedition` `Survey` `Project`

fieldNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNumber
定義	在野外給此調查活動的編號。
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`RV Sol 87-03-08`

projectTitle
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/projectTitle
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of titles or names for projects that contributed to a dwc:Event.
註釋	Use this term to provide the official name or title of a project as it is commonly known and cited. Avoid abbreviations unless they are widely understood. The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
範例	`The Nansen Legacy` `Scalidophora i Noreg` `Arctic Deep`

projectID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/projectID
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers for projects that contributed to a dwc:Event.
註釋	A projectID may be shared in multiple distinct datasets. The nature of the association can be described in the metadata project description element. This term should be used to provide a globally unique identifier (GUID) for a project, if available. This could be a DOI, URI, or any other persistent identifier that ensures a project can be uniquely distinguished from others. The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
範例	`RCN276730` `RCN276730 \| Artsproject_7-24` `OC202405` `https://arvenetternansen.com/` `https://doi.org/10.3030/101180559` `https://doi.org/10.26259/3b15eca7`

fundingAttribution
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/fundingAttribution
定義	Text description of organizations or individuals who funded the creation of the resource.
註釋	Specify the full official name of the funding body. This should include the complete name without abbreviations, unless the abbreviation is an official and commonly recognized form (e.g., NSF for the National Science Foundation). The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
範例	`Norges forskningsråd` `Artsdatabanken` `Ocean Census \| Nippon Foundation`

fundingAttributionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fundingAttributionID
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifiers for the funding organizations or agencies that supported the project.
註釋	Provide a unique identifier for the funding body, such as an identifier used in governmental or international databases. If no official identifier exists, use a persistent and unique identifier within your organization or dataset. The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
範例	`https://ror.org/00epmv149` `https://ror.org/00epmv149 \| https://ror.org/04jnzhb65` `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13102615`

eventDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate
定義	The date-time or interval during which a dwc:Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the dwc:Event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

eventTime
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventTime
定義	該筆資料被記錄的時間。
註釋	建議格式參考 ISO 8601-1:2019。
範例	`14:07-06:00` (at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `08:40:21Z` (at or after 8:40:21am and before 8:41:22am UTC) `13:00:00Z/15:30:00Z` (at or after 1pm and before 3:30pm UTC)

startDayOfYear
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear
定義	The earliest integer day of the year on which the dwc:Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
註釋
範例	`1` (1 January) `366` (31 December) `365` (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year)

endDayOfYear
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/endDayOfYear
定義	The latest integer day of the year on which the dwc:Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
註釋
範例	`1` (1 January) `32` (1 February) `366` (31 December) `365` (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year)

year
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year
定義	事件發生的四位數西元年。
註釋
範例	`1160` `2008`

month
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/month
定義	The integer month in which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋
範例	`1` (January) `10` (October)

day
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/day
定義	The integer day of the month on which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋
範例	`9` `28`

verbatimEventDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate
定義	The verbatim original representation of the date and time information for a dwc:Event.
註釋
範例	`spring 1910` `Marzo 2002` `1999-03-XX` `17IV1934`

habitat
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/habitat
定義	A category or description of the habitat in which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`oak savanna` `pre-cordilleran steppe`

samplingProtocol
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol
定義	調查方法或流程的名稱、描述，或其參考文獻。同一筆調查活動最好不要包含超過一個調查方法，如果超過則建議分為不同筆的調查活動。
註釋	Recommended best practice is describe a dwc:Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary Event with multiple protocols, in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific dwc:Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`UV light trap` `mist net` `bottom trawl` `ad hoc observation \| point count` `Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x` `Takats et al. 2001. Guidelines for Nocturnal Owl Monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, Alberta. 32 pp., http://www.bsc-eoc.org/download/Owl.pdf`

sampleSizeValue
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeValue
定義	A numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling dwc:Event.
註釋	A dwc:sampleSizeValue must have a corresponding dwc:sampleSizeUnit.
範例	`5` (sampleSizeValue) with `metre` (sampleSizeUnit)

sampleSizeUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeUnit
定義	The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling dwc:Event.
註釋	A dwc:sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding dwc:sampleSizeValue, e.g., `5` for dwc:sampleSizeValue with `m` for dwc:sampleSizeUnit. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`minute` `hour` `day` `metre` `square metre` `cubic metre`

samplingEffort
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort
定義	一次調查的努力量。
註釋
範例	`40 trap-nights` `10 observer-hours` `10 km by foot` `30 km by car`

fieldNotes
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNotes
定義	One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the dwc:Event.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Notes available in the Grinnell-Miller Library.`

eventRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks
定義	可註記天氣或調查狀況等任何文字資訊。
註釋
範例	`After the recent rains the river is nearly at flood stage.`

Location

locationID higherGeographyID higherGeography continent waterBody islandGroup island country countryCode stateProvince county municipality locality verbatimLocality minimumElevationInMeters maximumElevationInMeters verbatimElevation verticalDatum minimumDepthInMeters maximumDepthInMeters verbatimDepth minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters locationAccordingTo locationRemarks decimalLatitude decimalLongitude geodeticDatum coordinateUncertaintyInMeters coordinatePrecision pointRadiusSpatialFit verbatimCoordinates verbatimLatitude verbatimLongitude verbatimCoordinateSystem verbatimSRS footprintWKT footprintSRS footprintSpatialFit georeferencedBy georeferencedDate georeferenceProtocol georeferenceSources georeferenceRemarks

Location 類別
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/Location
定義	A spatial region or named place.
註釋
範例	`the municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina` `the place defined by a georeference`

locationID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID
定義	An identifier for the set of dcterms:Location information. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`https://opencontext.org/subjects/768A875F-E205-4D0B-DE55-BAB7598D0FD1`

higherGeographyID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID
定義	An identifier for the geographic region within which the dcterms:Location occurred.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002002` (Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Argentina).

higherGeography
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the dwc:locality term.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ), with terms in order from least specific to most specific.
範例	`North Atlantic Ocean` `South America \| Argentina \| Patagonia \| Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi \| Neuquén \| Los Lagos` with accompanying values `South America` (continent) `Argentina` (country), `Neuquén` (first order division), and `Los Lagos` (second order division)

continent
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/continent
定義	大洲名稱。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Africa` `Antarctica` `Asia` `Europe` `North America` `Oceania` `South America`

waterBody
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody
定義	The name of the water body in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Indian Ocean` `Baltic Sea` `Hudson River` `Lago Nahuel Huapi`

islandGroup
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/islandGroup
定義	The name of the island group in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Alexander Archipelago` `Archipiélago Diego Ramírez` `Seychelles`

island
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/island
定義	The name of the island on or near which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Nosy Be` `Bikini Atoll` `Vancouver` `Viti Levu` `Zanzibar`

country
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country
定義	The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Denmark` `Colombia` `España`

countryCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode
定義	The standard code for the country in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country code, or `ZZ` (for an unknown location or a location unassignable to a single country code), or `XZ` (for the high seas beyond national jurisdictions).
範例	`AR` `SV` `XZ` `ZZ`

stateProvince
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
定義	The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Montana` `Minas Gerais` `Córdoba`

county
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county
定義	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Missoula` `Los Lagos` `Mataró`

municipality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/municipality
定義	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Holzminden` `Araçatuba` `Ga-Segonyana`

locality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality
定義	該筆紀錄的最小地點描述。
註釋	Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (dwc:higherGeography, dwc:continent, dwc:country, dwc:stateProvince, dwc:county, dwc:municipality, dwc:waterBody, dwc:island, dwc:islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.
範例	`Bariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40 (=Ruta 237)` `Queets Rainforest, Olympic National Park`

verbatimLocality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality
定義	The original textual description of the place.
註釋
範例	`25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237`

minimumElevationInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumElevationInMeters
定義	The lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
註釋
範例	`-100` `802`

maximumElevationInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumElevationInMeters
定義	The upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
註釋
範例	`-205` `1236`

verbatimElevation
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimElevation
定義	The original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location.
註釋
範例	`100-200 m`

verticalDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verticalDatum
定義	The vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EGM84` `EGM96` `EGM2008` `PGM2000A` `PGM2004` `PGM2006` `PGM2007` `EPSG:7030` `not recorded`

minimumDepthInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters
定義	The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
註釋
範例	`0` `100`

maximumDepthInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters
定義	The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
註釋
範例	`0` `200`

verbatimDepth
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth
定義	The original description of the depth below the local surface.
註釋
範例	`100-200 m`

minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
定義	The lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
註釋
範例	`-1.5` (below the surface) `4.2` (above the surface) For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: `300m` minimumElevationInMeters: `300`, maximumElevationInMeters: `300`, verbatimDepth: `20m`, minimumDepthInMeters: `20`, maximumDepthInMeters: `20`, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `0`, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `-1.5`.

maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
定義	The greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
註釋
範例	`-1.5` (below the surface) `4.2` (above the surface) For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: `300m` minimumElevationInMeters: `300`, maximumElevationInMeters: `300`, verbatimDepth: `20m`, minimumDepthInMeters: `20`, maximumDepthInMeters: `20`, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `0`, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `-1.5`.

locationAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationAccordingTo
定義	Information about the source of this dcterms:Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names` `GADM`

locationRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dcterms:Location.
註釋
範例	`under water since 2005`

decimalLatitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude
定義	The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.
註釋
範例	`-41.0983423`

decimalLongitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude
定義	The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.
註釋
範例	`-121.1761111`

geodeticDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum
定義	座標的大地基準。建議使用控制詞彙；若全未知，則填入「未知 (unknown)」。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for a string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `WGS84` `NAD27` `Campo Inchauspe` `European 1950` `Clarke 1866` `not recorded`

coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
定義	從給定的十進位緯度（decimalLatitude）和十進位經度（decimalLongitude）到包含整個位置的最小圓的水平距離（以公尺為單位）。如果座標不確定、無法估計或不適用（因爲没有座標），則將該值留空。零值不是該項的有效值。
註釋
範例	`30` (reasonable lower limit on or after 2000-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time) `100` (reasonable lower limit before 2000-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time) `71` (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and a known spatial reference system)

coordinatePrecision
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision
定義	依據十進位緯度（decimalLatitude）和十進位經度（decimalLongitude）中給出的座標精確度的十進位表示。
註釋
範例	`0.00001` (normal GPS limit for decimal degrees) `0.000278` (nearest second) `0.01667` (nearest minute) `1.0` (nearest degree)

pointRadiusSpatialFit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pointRadiusSpatialFit
定義	The ratio of the area of the point-radius (dwc:decimalLatitude, dwc:decimalLongitude, dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the dcterms:Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The dwc:pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is any geometry without area (e.g., a point or polyline) and without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same geometry (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the dwc:pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1.
註釋	Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
範例	`0` `1` `1.5708`

verbatimCoordinates
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates
定義	The verbatim original spatial coordinates of the dcterms:Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
註釋
範例	`41 05 54S 121 05 34W` `17T 630000 4833400`

verbatimLatitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLatitude
定義	The verbatim original latitude of the dcterms:Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
註釋
範例	`41 05 54.03S`

verbatimLongitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLongitude
定義	The verbatim original longitude of the dcterms:Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
註釋
範例	`121d 10' 34" W`

verbatimCoordinateSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinateSystem
定義	The coordinate format for the dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude or the dwc:verbatimCoordinates of the dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`decimal degrees` `degrees decimal minutes` `degrees minutes seconds` `UTM`

verbatimSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude, or dwc:verbatimCoordinates are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `WGS84` `NAD27` `Campo Inchauspe` `European 1950` `Clarke 1866` `not recorded`

footprintWKT
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT
定義	A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the dcterms:Location. A dcterms:Location may have both a point-radius representation (see dwc:decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`POLYGON ((10 20, 11 20, 11 21, 10 21, 10 20))` (the one-degree bounding box with opposite corners at longitude=10, latitude=20 and longitude=11, latitude=21)

footprintSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in dwc:footprintWKT is based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. It is also permitted to provide the SRS in Well-Known-Text, especially if no EPSG code provides the necessary values for the attributes of the SRS. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude, nor of any verbatim coordinates - use the dwc:geodeticDatum and dwc:verbatimSRS instead. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["D_WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]` (WKT for the standard WGS84 Spatial Reference System EPSG:4326) `not recorded`

footprintSpatialFit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSpatialFit
定義	The ratio of the area of the dwc:footprintWKT to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the dcterms:Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given dwc:footprintWKT does not completely contain the original representation. The dwc:footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is any geometry without area (e.g., a point or polyline) and without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same geometry (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the dwc:footprintSpatialFit is 1.
註釋	Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
範例	`0` `1` `1.5708`

georeferencedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedBy
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Brad Millen (ROM)` `Kristina Yamamoto \| Janet Fang`

georeferencedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedDate
定義	The date on which the dcterms:Location was georeferenced.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

georeferenceProtocol
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceProtocol
定義	A description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.35035/e09p-h128)`

georeferenceSources
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference the dcterms:Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`https://www.geonames.org/` `USGS 1:24000 Florence Montana Quad 1967 \| Terrametrics 2008 on Google Earth` `GeoLocate`

georeferenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in dwc:georeferenceProtocol.
註釋
範例	`Assumed distance by road (Hwy. 101)`

GeologicalContext

geologicalContextID earliestEonOrLowestEonothem latestEonOrHighestEonothem earliestEraOrLowestErathem latestEraOrHighestErathem earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem latestPeriodOrHighestSystem earliestEpochOrLowestSeries latestEpochOrHighestSeries earliestAgeOrLowestStage latestAgeOrHighestStage lowestBiostratigraphicZone highestBiostratigraphicZone lithostratigraphicTerms group formation member bed

GeologicalContext 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/GeologicalContext
定義	Geological information, such as stratigraphy, that qualifies a region or place.
註釋
範例	`a lithostratigraphic layer`

geologicalContextID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geologicalContextID
定義	An identifier for the set of information associated with a dwc:GeologicalContext (the location within a geological context, such as stratigraphy). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`https://opencontext.org/subjects/e54377f7-4452-4315-b676-40679b10c4d9`

earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic eon or lowest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Phanerozoic` `Proterozoic`

latestEonOrHighestEonothem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEonOrHighestEonothem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic eon or highest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Phanerozoic` `Proterozoic`

earliestEraOrLowestErathem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEraOrLowestErathem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic era or lowest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Cenozoic` `Mesozoic`

latestEraOrHighestErathem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEraOrHighestErathem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic era or highest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Cenozoic` `Mesozoic`

earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic period or lowest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Neogene` `Tertiary` `Quaternary`

latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic period or highest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Neogene` `Tertiary` `Quaternary`

earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic epoch or lowest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Holocene` `Pleistocene` `Ibexian Series`

latestEpochOrHighestSeries
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEpochOrHighestSeries
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic epoch or highest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Holocene` `Pleistocene` `Ibexian Series`

earliestAgeOrLowestStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestAgeOrLowestStage
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic age or lowest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Atlantic` `Boreal` `Skullrockian`

latestAgeOrHighestStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestAgeOrHighestStage
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic age or highest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Atlantic` `Boreal` `Skullrockian`

lowestBiostratigraphicZone
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lowestBiostratigraphicZone
定義	The full name of the lowest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Maastrichtian`

highestBiostratigraphicZone
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/highestBiostratigraphicZone
定義	The full name of the highest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Blancan`

lithostratigraphicTerms
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lithostratigraphicTerms
定義	The combination of all lithostratigraphic names for the rock from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Pleistocene-Weichselien`

group
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/group
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic group from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Bathurst` `Lower Wealden`

formation
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/formation
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic formation from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Notch Peak Formation` `House Limestone` `Fillmore Formation`

member
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/member
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic member from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Lava Dam Member` `Hellnmaria Member`

bed
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/bed
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic bed from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Harlem coal`

Identification

identificationID verbatimIdentification identificationQualifier typeStatus typifiedName identifiedBy identifiedByID dateIdentified identificationReferences identificationVerificationStatus identificationRemarks

Identification 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Identification
定義	A taxonomic determination (e.g., the assignment to a dwc:Taxon).
註釋
範例	`a subspecies determination of an organism`

identificationID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:Identification (the body of information associated with the assignment of a scientific name). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`9992`

verbatimIdentification
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification
定義	A string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record.
註釋	This term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original identification/determination, including identification qualifiers, hybrid formulas, uncertainties, etc. This term is meant to be used in addition to dwc:scientificName (and dwc:identificationQualifier etc.), not instead of it.
範例	`Peromyscus sp.` `Ministrymon sp. nov. 1` `Anser anser × Branta canadensis` `Pachyporidae?` `Potentilla × pantotricha Soják` `Aconitum pilipes × A. variegatum` `Lepomis auritus x cyanellus`

identificationQualifier
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
定義	A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the dwc:Identification.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia` (for `Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia` with accompanying values `Quercus` in genus, `agrifolia` in specificEpithet, `oxyadenia` in infraspecificEpithet, and `var.` in taxonRank) `cf. var. oxyadenia` (for `Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia` with accompanying values `Quercus` in genus, `agrifolia` in specificEpithet, `oxyadenia` in infraspecificEpithet, and `var.` in taxonRank)

typeStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeStatus
定義	學名標本模式，最好能使用控制詞彙。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`holotype of Ctenomys sociabilis. Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388` `holotype of Pinus abies \| holotype of Picea abies`

typifiedName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typifiedName
定義	A scientific name that is based on a type specimen.
註釋	Recommended best practice is also to indicate the dwc:typeStatus of the specimen.
範例	`Polysiphonia amphibolis Womersley`

identifiedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the dwc:Taxon to the subject.
註釋	When used in the context of an Event (such as in the Humboldt Extension), the subject consists of all of the dwc:Organisms related to the Event. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`James L. Patton`\| `Theodore Pappenfuss \| Robert Macey`

identifiedByID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedByID
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for assigning the dwc:Taxon to the subject.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, the order of the identifiers on the list should not be assumed to convey any semantics. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097` (for an individual) `https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 \| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098` (for a list of people)

dateIdentified
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified
定義	The date on which the subject was determined as representing the dwc:Taxon.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

identificationReferences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationReferences
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of references (publication, global unique identifier, URI) used in the dwc:Identification.
註釋	When used in the context of an Event (such as in the Humboldt Extension), the subject consists of all of the dwc:Organisms related to the Event. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
範例	`Aves del Noroeste Patagonico. Christie et al. 2004.` `Stebbins, R. Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. 2003. \| Irschick, D.J. and Shaffer, H.B. (1997). The polytypic species revisited: Morphological differentiation among tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata). Herpetologica, 53(1), 30-49.`

identificationVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`0` ("unverified" in HISPID/ABCD).

identificationRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dwc:Identification.
註釋
範例	`Distinguished between Anthus correndera and Anthus hellmayri based on the comparative lengths of the uñas.`

Taxon

Taxon 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon
定義	A group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.
註釋
範例	`the genus Truncorotaloides as published by Brönnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820`

taxonID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID
定義	An identifier for the set of dwc:Taxon information. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001` `32567` `https://www.gbif.org/species/212`

scientificNameID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID
定義	An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.
註釋
範例	`urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37829-1:1.3`

acceptedNameUsageID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID
定義	目前動物學有效或植物學接受的學名使用（根據來源所記載的學名涵義）識別碼。
註釋	此詞應使用在同物異名或誤拼學名，以指向一分類群記錄的 dwc:taxonID；該分類群代表植物學的接受名或動物學的有效名。在達爾文核心集檔案中，相關的記錄應該包含在檔案本身內部。
範例	`tsn:41107` (ITIS) `urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2` (IPNI) `2704179` (GBIF) `6W3C4` (COL)

parentNameUsageID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsageID
定義	An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the dwc:scientificName.
註釋	This term should be used for accepted names to refer to the dwc:taxonID of a dwc:Taxon record that represents the next higher taxon rank in the same taxonomic classification. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
範例	`tsn:41074` (ITIS) `urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001404-2` (IPNI) `2704173` (GBIF) `6T8N` (COL)

originalNameUsageID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsageID
定義	An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) in which the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
註釋	This term should be used to refer to the dwc:taxonID of a dwc:Taxon record that represents the usage of the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName as originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would establish the relationship between a record representing a subsequent combination and the record for its corresponding basionym. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
範例	`tsn:41107` (ITIS) `urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2` (IPNI) `2704179` (GBIF) `6W3C4` (COL)

nameAccordingToID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingToID
定義	An identifier for the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied. See dwc:nameAccordingTo.
註釋
範例	`https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(97)80026-2`

namePublishedInID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInID
定義	An identifier for the publication in which the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
註釋	A citation of the first publication of the name in its given combination, not the basionym / original name. Recombinations are often not published in zoology, in which case dwc:namePublishedInID should be empty.
範例

taxonConceptID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonConceptID
定義	An identifier for the taxonomic concept to which the record refers - not for the nomenclatural details of a dwc:Taxon.
註釋
範例	`8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001`

scientificName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
定義	完整的學名，包括已知的作者和日期資訊。若是作為鑑定的一部分，應是可確定的最低分類階層的名稱。
註釋	This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used to represent the scientific name that was applied to the associated Organism in accordance with the Taxon to which it was or is currently identified. Names should be compliant to the most recent nomenclatural code. For example, names of hybrids for algae, fungi and plants should follow the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Schenzhen Code Articles H.1, H.2 and H.3). Thus, use the multiplication sign `×` (Unicode `U+00D7`, HTML `×`) to identify a hybrid, not `x` or `X`, if possible.
範例	`Coleoptera` (order) `Vespertilionidae` (family) `Manis` (genus) `Ctenomys sociabilis` (genus + specificEpithet) `Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli` (genus + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet) `Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952)` (genus + specificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship) `Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell` (genus + specificEpithet + taxonRank + infraspecificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship) `×Agropogon littoralis (Sm.) C. E. Hubb.` `Mentha ×smithiana R. A. Graham` `Agrostis stolonifera L. × Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.`

acceptedNameUsage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage
定義	目前有效（動物）或接受（植物）並包含命名作者及年代（若已知）的完整學名。
註釋	植物學的接受名或動物學的有效名，包含已知的作者、年代的完整學名字串，用在當參考自 dwc:nameAccordingTo 屬性或內容提供者認為所提供的 dwc:scientificName 為同物異名或誤拼時。當應用在 dwc:Organism 或 dwc:Occurrence，此詞彙應在內容提供者認為 dwc:scientificName 與其分類觀點不一致的情況下使用。例如，標本蒐藏和觀測的資料集所記載的學名（最近一次專家對標本的鑑定，或針對 dwc:Organism 的野外觀測辨認），與內容提供者所認為在分類學上的接受的學名之間，常有許多差異。
範例	`Tamias minimus` （Eutamias minimus 的有效學名）

parentNameUsage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsage
定義	The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent dwc:Taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the dwc:scientificName.
註釋
範例	`Rubiaceae` `Gruiformes` `Testudinae`

originalNameUsage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsage
定義	The taxon name, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared when first established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. The basionym (botany) or basonym (bacteriology) of the dwc:scientificName or the senior/earlier homonym for replaced names.
註釋	The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the name usage in which the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would indicate the basionym of a record representing a subsequent combination. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks.
範例	`Pinus abies` `Gasterosteus saltatrix Linnaeus 1768`

nameAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
定義	The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
註釋	This term provides context to the dwc:scientificName. Together with the dwc:scientificName, separated by `sensu` or `sec.`, it forms the taxon concept label, which may be seen as having the same relationship to dwc:taxonConceptID as, for example, dwc:acceptedNameUsage has to dwc:acceptedNameUsageID. When not provided, in Taxon Core data sets the dwc:nameAccordingTo can be taken to be the data set. In this case the data set mostly provides sufficient context to infer the delimitation of the taxon and its relationship with other taxa. In Occurrence Core data sets, when not provided, dwc:nameAccordingTo can be an underlying taxonomy of the data set, e.g. Plants of the World Online (http://powo.science.kew.org/) for vascular plant records in iNaturalist (in which case it should be provided), or, which is the case for most dwc:PreservedSpecimen data sets, the dwc:Identification, in which case there is no further context.
範例	`Franz NM, Cardona-Duque J (2013) Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013. Syst Biodivers. 11: 209–236.` (as the full citation of the Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) in Perelleschus splendida sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013))

namePublishedIn
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedIn
定義	A reference for the publication in which the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
註釋	A citation of the first publication of the name in its given combination, not the basionym / original name. Recombinations are often not published in zoology, in which case dwc:namePublishedIn should be empty.
範例	`Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388` `Forel, Auguste, Diagnosies provisoires de quelques espèces nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, récoltées par M. Grandidier., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 30, 1886`

namePublishedInYear
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInYear
定義	The four-digit year in which the dwc:scientificName was published.
註釋
範例	`1915` `2008`

higherClassification
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherClassification
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the referenced dwc:Taxon.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ), with terms in order from the highest taxonomic rank to the lowest.
範例	`Plantae \| Tracheophyta \| Magnoliopsida \| Ranunculales \| Ranunculaceae \| Ranunculus` `Animalia` `Animalia \| Chordata \| Vertebrata \| Mammalia \| Theria \| Eutheria \| Rodentia \| Hystricognatha \| Hystricognathi \| Ctenomyidae \| Ctenomyini \| Ctenomys`

kingdom
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom
定義	The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Animalia` `Archaea` `Bacteria` `Chromista` `Fungi` `Plantae` `Protozoa` `Viruses`

phylum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum
定義	The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Chordata` (phylum) `Bryophyta` (division)

class
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class
定義	The full scientific name of the class in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Mammalia` `Hepaticopsida`

order
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order
定義	The full scientific name of the order in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Carnivora` `Monocleales`

superfamily
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/superfamily
定義	The full scientific name of the superfamily in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋	A taxonomic category subordinate to an order and superior to a family. According to ICZN article 29.2, the suffix `-oidea` is used for a superfamily name.
範例	`Achatinoidea` `Cerithioidea` `Helicoidea` `Hypsibioidea` `Valvatoidea` `Zonitoidea`

family
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family
定義	The full scientific name of the family in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Felidae` `Monocleaceae`

subfamily
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subfamily
定義	The full scientific name of the subfamily in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Periptyctinae` `Orchidoideae` `Sphindociinae`

tribe
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/tribe
定義	The full scientific name of the tribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Ortaliini` `Arethuseae`

subtribe
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subtribe
定義	The full scientific name of the subtribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Plotinini` `Typhaeini`

genus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus
定義	The full scientific name of the genus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋
範例	`Puma` `Monoclea`

genericName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genericName
定義	The genus part of the dwc:scientificName without authorship.
註釋	For synonyms the accepted genus and the genus part of the name may be different. The term dwc:genericName should be used together with dwc:specificEpithet to form a binomial and with dwc:infraspecificEpithet to form a trinomial. The term dwc:genericName should only be used for combinations. Uninomials of generic rank do not have a dwc:genericName.
範例	`Felis` (for scientificName `Felis concolor`, with accompanying values of `Puma concolor` in acceptedNameUsage and `Puma` in genus)

subgenus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus
定義	The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
註釋	A value for this term should be a complete subgenus name as required by the appropriate nomenclatural code.
範例	`Abacetus (Parastygis)` `Dicranum subgen. Orthodicranum`

infragenericEpithet
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infragenericEpithet
定義	The infrageneric part of a binomial name at ranks above species but below genus.
註釋	The term dwc:infragenericEpithet should be used in conjunction with dwc:genericName, dwc:specificEpithet, dwc:infraspecificEpithet, dwc:taxonRank and dwc:scientificNameAuthorship to represent the individual elements of the complete dwc:scientificName. It can be used to indicate the subgenus placement of a species, which in zoology is often given in parentheses. Can also be used to share infrageneric names such as botanical sections (e.g., `Vicia sect. Cracca`).
範例	`Abacetillus` (for scientificName `Abacetus (Abacetillus) ambiguus`) `Cracca` (for scientificName `Vicia sect. Cracca`)

specificEpithet
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet
定義	The name of the first or species epithet of the dwc:scientificName.
註釋
範例	`concolor` `gottschei`

infraspecificEpithet
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet
定義	The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the dwc:scientificName, excluding any rank designation.
註釋	In botany, name strings in literature and identifications may have multiple infraspecific ranks. According to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Schenzhen Code Articles 6.7 & Art. 24.1), valid names only have two epithets, with the lowest rank being the dwc:infraspecificEpithet. For example: the dwc:infraspecificEpithet in the string `Indigofera charlieriana subsp. sessilis var. scaberrima` is `scaberrima` and the dwc:scientificName is `Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima (Schinz) J.B.Gillett`. Use dwc:verbatimIdentification for the full name string used in a dwc:Identification.
範例	`concolor` (for scientificName `Puma concolor concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)`) `oxyadenia` (for scientificName `Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell`) `laxa` (for scientificName `Cheilanthes hirta f. laxa (Kunze) W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen`) `scaberrima` (for scientificName `Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima (Schinz) J.B.Gillett`)

cultivarEpithet
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/cultivarEpithet
定義	Part of the name of a cultivar, cultivar group or grex that follows the dwc:scientificName.
註釋	According to the Rules of the Cultivated Plant Code, a cultivar name consists of a botanical name followed by a cultivar epithet. The value given as the dwc:cultivarEpithet should exclude any quotes. The term dwc:taxonRank should be used to indicate which type of cultivated plant name (e.g. cultivar, cultivar group, grex) is concerned. This epithet, including any enclosing apostrophes or suffix, should be provided in dwc:scientificName as well.
範例	`King Edward` (for scientificName `Solanum tuberosum 'King Edward'` and taxonRank `cultivar`) `Mishmiense` (for scientificName `Rhododendron boothii Mishmiense Group` and taxonRank `cultivar group`) `Atlantis` (for scientificName `Paphiopedilum Atlantis grex` and taxonRank `grex`)

taxonRank
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank
定義	The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. The taxon ranks of algae, fungi and plants are defined in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Schenzhen Code Articles H3.2, H4.4 and H.3.1).
範例	`subspecies` `varietas` `forma` `species` `genus` `nothogenus` `nothospecies` `nothosubspecies`

verbatimTaxonRank
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimTaxonRank
定義	The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName as it appears in the original record.
註釋
範例	`Agamospecies` `sub-lesus` `prole` `apomict` `nothogrex` `sp.` `subsp.` `var.`

scientificNameAuthorship
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship
定義	The authorship information for the dwc:scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
註釋
範例	`(Torr.) J.T. Howell` `(Martinovský) Tzvelev` `(Györfi, 1952)`

vernacularName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
定義	常見名稱或俗名。
註釋
範例	`Andean Condor` `Condor Andino` `American Eagle` `Gänsegeier`

nomenclaturalCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalCode
定義	The nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the dwc:scientificName is constructed.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`ICN` `ICZN` `BC` `ICNCP` `BioCode`

taxonomicStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonomicStatus
定義	The status of the use of the dwc:scientificName as a label for a taxon. Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a dwc:Taxon. Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion. It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`invalid` `misapplied` `homotypic synonym` `accepted`

nomenclaturalStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalStatus
定義	The status related to the original publication of the name and its conformance to the relevant rules of nomenclature. It is based essentially on an algorithm according to the business rules of the code. It requires no taxonomic opinion.
註釋
範例	`nom. ambig.` `nom. illeg.` `nom. subnud.`

taxonRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the taxon or name.
註釋
範例	`this name is a misspelling in common use`

MeasurementOrFact

measurementID parentMeasurementID measurementType verbatimMeasurementType measurementValue measurementAccuracy measurementUnit measurementDeterminedBy measurementDeterminedDate measurementMethod measurementRemarks

MeasurementOrFact 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MeasurementOrFact
定義	A measurement of or fact about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
註釋	Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to instances of dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialEntity, dwc:Event, dcterms:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
範例	`the weight of a dwc:Organism in grams` `the number of placental scars` `surface water temperature in Celsius`

measurementID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:MeasurementOrFact (information pertaining to measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

parentMeasurementID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentMeasurementID
定義	An identifier for a broader dwc:MeasurementOrFact that groups this and potentially other dwc:MeasurementOrFacts.
註釋	May be a globally unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
範例	`9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459` `E1_E1_O1_M1`

measurementType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementType
定義	The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`tail length` `temperature` `trap line length` `survey area` `trap type`

verbatimMeasurementType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimMeasurementType
定義	A string representing the type of measurement or fact as it appeared in the original record.
註釋	This term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original name for a measurement or fact type. This term is meant to be used in addition to dwc:measurementType, not instead of it.
範例	`water_temp` `Fish biomass` `sampling net mesh size`

measurementValue
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementValue
定義	The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`45` `20` `1` `14.5` `UV-light`

measurementAccuracy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementAccuracy
定義	The description of the potential error associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
註釋
範例	`0.01` `normal distribution with variation of 2 m`

measurementUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementUnit
定義	The units associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`m` `g` `l` `°C` `mm` `km²` `%` `hh:mm:ss`

measurementDeterminedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedBy
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Rob Guralnick` `Peter Desmet \| Stijn Van Hoey`

measurementDeterminedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedDate
定義	The date on which the dwc:MeasurementOrFact was made.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

measurementMethod
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementMethod
定義	A description of or reference to (publication, URI) the method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`minimum convex polygon around burrow entrances` (for a home range area) `barometric altimeter` (for an elevation)

measurementRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementRemarks
定義	Comments or notes accompanying the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
註釋
範例	`tip of tail missing`

ResourceRelationship

resourceRelationshipID resourceID relationshipOfResourceID relatedResourceID relationshipOfResource relationshipAccordingTo relationshipEstablishedDate relationshipRemarks

ResourceRelationship 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ResourceRelationship
定義	A relationship of one rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource) to another.
註釋	Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to instances of dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialEntity, dwc:Event, dcterms:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
範例	`an instance of a dwc:Organism is the mother of another instance of a dwc:Organism` `a uniquely identified dwc:Occurrence represents the same dwc:Occurrence as another uniquely identified dwc:Occurrence` `a dwc:MaterialEntity is a subsample of another dwc:MaterialEntity`

resourceRelationshipID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceRelationshipID
定義	An identifier for an instance of relationship between one resource (the subject) and another (dwc:relatedResource, the object).
註釋
範例	`04b16710-b09c-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

resourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceID
定義	An identifier for the resource that is the subject of the relationship.
註釋
範例	`f809b9e0-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

relationshipOfResourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResourceID
定義	An identifier for the relationship type (predicate) that connects the subject identified by dwc:resourceID to its object identified by dwc:relatedResourceID.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the identifiers of the terms in a controlled vocabulary, such as the OBO Relation Ontology.
範例	`http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002456` (for the relation `pollinated by`) `http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002455` (for the relation `pollinates`) `https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/879` (for the relation `eaten by`)

relatedResourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relatedResourceID
定義	An identifier for a related resource (the object, rather than the subject of the relationship).
註釋
範例	`dc609808-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

relationshipOfResource
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResource
定義	記錄不同筆資料間的相關性，建議使用控制詞彙。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`same as` `duplicate of` `mother of` `offspring of` `sibling of` `parasite of` `host of` `valid synonym of` `located within` `pollinator of members of taxon` `pollinated specific plant` `pollinated by members of taxon` `on slab with`

relationshipAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipAccordingTo
定義	建立兩資源關係的來源（人物、組織、出版社、參考文獻等）。
註釋
範例	`Julie Woodruff`

relationshipEstablishedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipEstablishedDate
定義	The date-time on which the relationship between the two resources was established.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

relationshipRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipRemarks
定義	relationshipOfResource的其他文字註記。
註釋
範例	`mother and offspring collected from the same nest` `pollinator captured in the act`

UseWithIRI

有關「UseWithIRI」的詳細資訊，請參閱 RDF 指南第 2.5 節。

behavior caste dataGeneralizations degreeOfEstablishment disposition earliestGeochronologicalEra establishmentMeans eventType fieldNotes fieldNumber footprintSRS footprintWKT fundingAttribution fromLithostratigraphicUnit geodeticDatum georeferencedBy georeferenceProtocol georeferenceSources georeferenceVerificationStatus habitat identificationQualifier identificationVerificationStatus identifiedBy inCollection inDataset inDescribedPlace informationWithheld language latestGeochronologicalEra lifeStage locationAccordingTo measurementDeterminedBy measurementMethod measurementType measurementUnit measurementValue occurrenceStatus organismQuantityType pathway preparations recordedBy recordNumber reproductiveCondition sampleSizeUnit samplingProtocol sex toDigitalSpecimen toTaxon typeStatus verbatimCoordinateSystem verbatimSRS verticalDatum vitality

behavior
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/behavior
定義	A description of the behavior shown by the subject at the time the dwc:Occurrence was recorded.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

caste
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/caste
定義	Categorisation of individuals for eusocial species (including some mammals and arthropods).
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary that aligns best with the dwc:Taxon. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

dataGeneralizations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/dataGeneralizations
定義	Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

degreeOfEstablishment
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/degreeOfEstablishment
定義	The degree to which a dwc:Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例	`http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003` `http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005`

disposition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/disposition
定義	The current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in dwc:collectionCode or dwc:collectionID.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

earliestGeochronologicalEra
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/earliestGeochronologicalEra
定義	Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the earliest possible geological time period from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

establishmentMeans
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/establishmentMeans
定義	Statement about whether a dwc:Organism has been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例	`http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001` `http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005`

eventType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/eventType
定義	The nature of the dwc:Event.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Regardless of the dwc:eventType, the interval of the dwc:Event can be captured in dwc:eventDate. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

fieldNotes
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNotes
定義	One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the dwc:Event.
註釋	The subject is a dwc:Event instance and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
範例

fieldNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNumber
定義	An identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the dwc:Event.
註釋	The subject is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes and the object is a dwc:Event instance.
範例

footprintSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in dwc:footprintWKT is based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. Otherwise use an IRI for the value corresponding to `not recorded`.
範例

footprintWKT
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintWKT
定義	A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the dcterms:Location. A dcterms:Location may have both a point-radius representation (see dwc:decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

fundingAttribution
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fundingAttribution
定義	An organization or agency that provided funding for a project.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

fromLithostratigraphicUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fromLithostratigraphicUnit
定義	Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to an IRI-identified lithostratigraphic unit at the lowest possible level in a hierarchy.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.7 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

geodeticDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/geodeticDatum
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use an IRI corresponding to the value `not recorded`.
範例

georeferencedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferencedBy
定義	A person, group, or organization who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the dcterms:Location.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

georeferenceProtocol
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceProtocol
定義	A description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

georeferenceSources
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceSources
定義	A map, gazetteer, or other resource used to georeference the dcterms:Location.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

georeferenceVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the dcterms:Location of the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

habitat
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/habitat
定義	A category or description of the habitat in which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

identificationQualifier
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationQualifier
定義	A controlled value to express the determiner's doubts about the dwc:Identification.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

identificationVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD.
範例

identifiedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identifiedBy
定義	A person, group, or organization who assigned the dwc:Taxon to the subject.
註釋	When used in the context of an Event (such as in the Humboldt Extension), the subject consists of all of the dwc:Organisms related to the Event. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

inCollection
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inCollection
定義	Use to link any subject resource that is part of a collection to the collection containing the resource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces literal-value terms related to collections and institutions. See Section 2.7.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

inDataset
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDataset
定義	Use to link a subject dataset record to the dataset which contains it.
註釋	A string literal name of the dataset can be provided using the term dwc:datasetName. See the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

inDescribedPlace
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDescribedPlace
定義	Use to link a dcterms:Location instance subject to the lowest level standardized hierarchically-described resource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to locations. See Section 2.7.5 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例	`http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1019987`

informationWithheld
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/informationWithheld
定義	Additional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

language
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
定義	A language of the resource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the Library of Congress ISO 639-2 scheme http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2
範例

latestGeochronologicalEra
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/latestGeochronologicalEra
定義	Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the latest possible geological time period from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

lifeStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/lifeStage
定義	The age class or life stage of the dwc:Organism(s) at the time the dwc:Occurrence was recorded.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

locationAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/locationAccordingTo
定義	Information about the source of this dcterms:Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

measurementDeterminedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementDeterminedBy
定義	A person, group, or organization who determined the value of the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

measurementMethod
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementMethod
定義	The method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

measurementType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementType
定義	The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

measurementUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementUnit
定義	The units associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
範例

measurementValue
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementValue
定義	The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例	`http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0960/`

occurrenceStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus
定義	A statement about the presence or absence of a dwc:Taxon at a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

organismQuantityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismQuantityType
定義	The type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
註釋	A dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
範例

pathway
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/pathway
定義	The process by which a dwc:Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例	`http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p002` `http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p046`

preparations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preparations
定義	A preparation or preservation method for a specimen.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

recordedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordedBy
定義	A person, group, or organization responsible for recording the original dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

recordNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordNumber
定義	An identifier given to the dwc:Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
註釋	The subject is a dwc:Occurrence and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
範例

reproductiveCondition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/reproductiveCondition
定義	The reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

sampleSizeUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampleSizeUnit
定義	The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling dwc:Event.
註釋	A dwciri:sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding dwc:sampleSizeValue. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
範例

samplingProtocol
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/samplingProtocol
定義	The methods or protocols used during a dwc:Event, denoted by an IRI.
註釋	Recommended best practice is describe a dwc:Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary dwc:Event in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific dwc:Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different sampling protocol that applies to the dwc:Occurrence.
範例	`https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x`

sex
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sex
定義	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

toDigitalSpecimen
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toDigitalSpecimen
定義	Use to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
註釋	Use to link a dwc:MaterialEntity instance subject to a Digital Specimem entity.
範例

toTaxon
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toTaxon
定義	Use to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
註釋	A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to taxonomic entities. See Section 2.7.4 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
範例

typeStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/typeStatus
定義	A nomenclatural type (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
註釋	Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

verbatimCoordinateSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimCoordinateSystem
定義	The spatial coordinate system for the dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude or the dwc:verbatimCoordinates of the dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

verbatimSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude, or dwc:verbatimCoordinates are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. Otherwise use an IRI for the value corresponding to `not recorded`.
範例

verticalDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verticalDatum
定義	The vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

vitality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/vitality
定義	An indication of whether a dwc:Organism was alive or dead at the time of collection or observation.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Intended to be used with records having a dwc:basisOfRecord of `PreservedSpecimen`, `MaterialEntity`, `MaterialSample`, or `HumanObservation`. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
範例

LivingSpecimen

LivingSpecimen 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/LivingSpecimen
定義	標本為活體。
註釋
範例	`a living plant in a botanical garden` `a living animal in a zoo`

PreservedSpecimen

PreservedSpecimen 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/PreservedSpecimen
定義	A specimen that has been preserved.
註釋
範例	`a plant on an herbarium sheet` `a cataloged lot of fish in a jar`

FossilSpecimen

FossilSpecimen 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/FossilSpecimen
定義	A preserved specimen that is a fossil.
註釋
範例	`a body fossil` `a coprolite` `a gastrolith` `an ichnofossil` `a piece of a petrified tree`

MaterialCitation

MaterialCitation 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialCitation
定義	A reference to or citation of one, a part of, or multiple specimens in scholarly publications.
註釋	This class constitutes a new value for the controlled vocabulary in the recommendations for basisOfRecord. When importing Darwin Core Archives of literature-based datasets to GBIF, the basisOfRecord should be changed from "Occurrence", "PreservedSpecimen" or "Literature" to "MaterialCitation".
範例	`a citation of a physical specimen from a scientific collection in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication` `a citation of a group of physical specimens, such as paratypes in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication`

HumanObservation

HumanObservation 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/HumanObservation
定義	An output of a human observation process.
註釋
範例	`evidence of a dwc:Occurrence taken from field notes or literature` `a record of a dwc:Occurrence without physical evidence or evidence captured with a machine`

MachineObservation

MachineObservation 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MachineObservation
定義	An output of a machine observation process.
註釋
範例	`a photograph` `a video` `an audio recording` `a remote sensing image` `a dwc:Occurrence record based on telemetry`

引用達爾文核心標準

要引用達爾文核心標準的一般資訊，請參照經同行評審的達爾文核心標準文件：

Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029715

若要引用本頁所依據的標準文件，請使用以下格式：

Darwin Core Maintenance Group. Darwin Core Maintenance Group. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/list/

如需具體引用本文件，請使用以下格式：

Darwin Core Maintenance Group. Darwin Core Maintenance Group. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/

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